Public School Reforms A Hybrid School Essay - 1775 Words

Mark Twain once said, â€Å"I have never let school interfere with my education† (Twain). Although both terms, school and education, go hand in hand, the effects on students vary tremendously. School, defined in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as â€Å"an institution for instruction†, implies the organization runs the school system for ulterior motives such as finances and personal gains (School.). Adversely, education is â€Å"the action of teaching someone†, which focuses on providing knowledge and understanding to the students (Education.). The education American students receive appears to be corrupted by the politics of the public school system. The failure to educate America’s youth forces these individuals to invest in other schooling options,†¦show more content†¦Based on the evidence that students will have a better learning experience, private schools should be an easy decision in regards to one’s education. However, there are a fe w components that may make private school enrollment difficult for some. Caroline Minter Hoxby states in her research paper, â€Å"Religious private schools account for 87% of U. S. private school enrollment† (Minter Hoxby). Because of the large percentage of private schools that are affiliated with a certain religion, families seeking a nondenominational private school may not have the school option they desire. Another obstacle in acquiring a private school education is the process of being admitted to the school of one’s choice. As depicted in the film, Waiting for Superman, many parents want to give their children the best education possible, forcing new enrollees to enter a lottery for a chance to be enrolled in the school (Guggenheim). Some private schools are also very selective in who is admitted to their program, denying students enrollment because of special needs, ethnicity, or religion (Private Versus Public). Beyond admission, private school tuition, paire d with the property tax of the public school district, places a financial burden upon the family. Incorporating the traits of private school into a public school atmosphere would make quality education more accessible to a greater percentage of the students. Though the quality of education oneShow MoreRelatedEducation And Freedom Of The Oppressed1242 Words   |  5 Pagesfunding distribution for public schools. Public schools get funded through in large part by property taxes which are essentially determined by the value of the area the school is in. 5. Our debate topics are related to each other in that they are all interdependent on one another and are focused on student success through similar means. Debate topics such as privatization, merit pay, and NCLB are connected more noticeably since they can all serve as solutions to failing schools, another debate topicRead MorePension Reforms Highlights : Rhode Island And Michigan1517 Words   |  7 PagesPension Reforms Highlights: Rhode Island Michigan In order to make a more comprehensive analysis of the two cases presented in this report the information is going to dissected into three categories: Policy, Politics and Public Opinion in order to convey a more detailed view of the reform process. Rhode Island Background As early as 1993, the net present value of the State Employees’ pension fund represented only about 72 percent of the expected liabilities. The Teachers’ fund was in worse shapeRead MoreCommon Core And Secondary Education Essay2168 Words   |  9 PagesOne way to compete effectively with other nations is Common Core for secondary education. 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Bill always had an eyeRead MoreKnowing Our Planets Worth Essay715 Words   |  3 PagesWhen the wells dry, we know the worth of water. These were the words ominously spoken by Benjamin Franklin, in 1746, in his ongoing struggle to reform water pollution. Benjamin Franklin paved the way for many of todays regulations regarding pollution, including the Clean Water Act, amended in 1987. He warned that if we did not heed caution to the depravity, neglect, and horrid disrespect we held towards the environment, that we will succumb ourselves to a recrudescence of pathologies and aRead MoreJapan s Legal System Of Japan Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pagesis now Japan’s legal system. Following up to the war and after, there was a great need to reform their justice system. The ultimate goal was to â€Å"After struggling to exit the economic doldrums, policymakers eventually decided to transform Japan from a society known for excessive regulatory control to a globalized society base d on deregulation and transparency. Reforms were necessary to reposition the public as actors, not bystanders, in governance† (Wilson, 2010, pp. 313). This brought Japan intoRead MoreTeacher Union2302 Words   |  10 Pageshave been created for the public school system which takes place at local school districts; rules have been imposed to create ineffective forms of organization at schools. The rules that are currently in place by collective bargaining are also creating a big disconnection with many public schools, that being the interest of the children. The teachers union is one main role players that is behind the organized education system of the United States. So, why are the public schools systems in the UnitedRead MoreApplication Letter For The Master Of Public Health Program At New York University Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesMaster of Public Health program at New York University. The bulk of my professional experience has been as a physician working in Bangladesh , which incidentally was where I first witnessed the power and impact of a well-executed public health program. I recently moved to the United States and am now seeking an education in Public Health to address the gaps in my profile as well as give me access to career opportunities in public health administration. My long term goal is to improve the public healthRead MoreGroup Policy Paper For Profits Institutions1447 Words   |  6 PagesEducation’s Race to the Top competition, a $4.35 billion incentive program designed to make drastic reforms and improvements in education and student performance, as a part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. After a rigorous competition with other states, Tennessee emerged as one of the two states awarded Race to the Top funding and will receive $501 million over the next four years (The Public Agenda for Tennessee Higher Education 2010-2015, 2011). For-Profit Institutions CharacteristicsRead MoreCompare Public Management Reform in the Uk with Singapore. What Does the Comparison Tell You About the Factors That Shape Public Management in Each Country?3967 Words   |  16 PagesCompetency, bureaucracy and public management reform: A comparative analysis Make sure I read before completing essay, very relevant! Also last seminar presentation (governance, NPM) Compare Public Management Reform in the UK with Singapore. What does the comparison tell you about the factors that shape public management in each country? Introduction Governments around the world are moving from outmoded tradition towards managerial modernity in attempt to get their public sector organisations to

Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches - 1126 Words

Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches RES/351 June 17, 2014 University of Phoenix Professor Pamela Campbell Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches Business researchers utilize various forms of approaches to analyze and obtain information and data, and two of the most popular approaches used are the qualitative research approach and quantitative research approach. Each approach can be beneficial or in some cases may cause inconclusive results depending on the type of research being conducted and what the nature of the study is. The following will assess two different peer reviewed articles: one which uses a qualitative approach and the other a quantitative approach. It†¦show more content†¦Both approaches use single, assorted, and longitudinal methods in the research design, but quantitative requires stringent consistency and also utilizes a cross-sectional approach, along with longitudinal, in order to acquire the most successful results. Quantitative research also maintains a clear distinction between facts and judgments (Cooper Schindler, 2008). Quantitative research has numerous strengths and weaknesses as well . The most popular and main form of quantitative research is the use of surveys, which are cheaper and less costly than other forms of data collection. Another beneficial quality of the quantitative approach is the lack of contact between the researcher and the participants, which allows researchers to collect data that could be more biasedly based if used with the qualitative approach. However, quantitative research has its downfalls. Because the sample sizes are so large it lengthens the time of the data collection process and interviewing the participants again is usually not possible, which could alter the consistency of the results (Cooper Schindler, 2008). As stated before, most quantitative research studies are used to define or measure something. Many medical studies employ quantitative research to define the measurements of a specific issue. One articleShow MoreRelatedQualitative and Quantitative Approaches2309 Words   |  10 PagesQUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES TO SOCIAL RESEARCH Christina Hughes C.L.Hughes@warwick.ac.uk There has been widespread debate in recent years within many of the social sciences regarding the relative merits of quantitative and qualitative strategies for research. The positions taken by individual researchers vary considerably, from those who see the two strategies as entirely separate and based on alternative views of the world, to those who are happy to mix these strategies withinRead MoreQualitative and Quantitative Research Approaches2955 Words   |  12 Pages-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract Sports fandom consists of cognitive and affective, as well as behavioural components. Existing sports fan research utilises either strong qualitative, or more often, strong quantitative methodologies. The strengths and weaknesses of each approach are outlined, developing the argument that the use of a single methodology often fails to explore all of these components. The use of a mixed methods approach is suggestedRead MoreQuantitative vs Qualitative Research on which is Better1830 Words   |  7 PagesThere has always been a discussion as to which method of study was better: quantitative, or qualitative. The quantitative approach focuses more on quantifying data and generalizing results from a sample to a population of interest. The use of quantitative methods is used for general features of a population and to measure the incidence of various views and opinions in a chosen sample. Qualitative methods are used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons and motivations. This typ e of methodRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Experience1437 Words   |  6 PagesIn particular, qualitative researchers tend to focus more on the social-constructed reality and the contextual influence, interaction and constraints between the researcher(s) and the participants. They are interested in finding answers to questions that focus on the â€Å"social construction of experience and how meaning is created† (Cooper White, 2012, p. 15). However, quantitative researchers â€Å"emphasize measurement and analysis, and focus on product rather than process† (Cooper White, 2012, p.Read MoreThe Theoretical Methods Of Quantitative And Qualitative Methods Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent styles and approaches, being constantly updated with new ideas and concepts, this essay will argue that in order to best reflect upon and develop an understanding of today’s world, the researcher needs to use and apply both qualitative and quantitative methods. To make this argument clear, this essay will first go into the understanding of sociological methods through epistemological and ontological views. Then this essay will explore the debate of quantitative or qualitative methods, and thenRead MoreSummary Of A Framework For Design By Creswell1536 Words   |  7 PagesFramework for Design’ by Creswell We now have many choices for research approaches. Author recommends that a general framework be adopted to provide guidance for all stages of research. Using still existing framework also allows researchers formulate ideas recognized by audiences who support proposals for research. This chapter introduces the reader to the three approaches to research quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches. To understand them Creswell considers three framework elements:Read MoreHow Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) React to Music1744 Words   |  7 PagesQualitative and quantitative methods allow researchers to investigate, explore and inquire the nature of the phenomenon being studied. It is important that the researcher develops a clear understanding of the problem and design a plan to investigate it (Cresswell, 1998, para. 1). There are a variety of research methods; nevertheless, it is important to consider which research method is appropriate for the study. Qua litative research focuses on human experiences while quantitative research reliesRead MoreComparing and Contrasting NCUs Concept Paper Requirements for Qualitative and or Quantitative Papers1409 Words   |  6 Pagesrequirements for qualitative and or quantitative papers. Northcentral Expectation Both qualitative and quantitative concept designs share design elements. Sampson (2012) states that a good or enriched qualitative and or quantitative concept paper is a product of forethought. Northcentral University (NCU) provides its Doctoral students with writing resources that are not limited to the concept template to enhance their knowledge about the development of their dissertations. Primarily, qualitative and quantitativeRead MoreFactors That Impacted Effective Diabetes Management Within The Native American Population985 Words   |  4 PagesType Two Diabetes Both quantitative and qualitative research studies provide healthcare professionals with valuable information, albeit from different perspectives. While quantitative studies emphasize numerical and statistical measurements, qualitative studies focus on themes and concepts related to a phenomenon. The following discussion contrasts these two types of research approaches as they relate to the topic of type 2 diabetes mellitus and considers the value of qualitative research within theRead MoreResearch Methodology For Academic Journal Articles1268 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant in determining the research methodology. Abstract The primary goal of this study is to systematize the knowledge in the area of different research methodological approaches applied in academic journal articles, assess their usefulness and present the results of the analysis. Key words: qualitative research, quantitative research, mixed method research Introduction Defining a case study method indicates the problem and entails choosing/finding a solution to solve it. However, to answer research

Profitability and Financial Stability Reef Ltd

Question: The following information has been extracted from the financial statement and notes of Reef Ltd: 2017 2016 Service revenue $580,000 $575,000 Interest expense $23,000 $26,500 Income tax expense $44,600 $53,000 Profit $52,500 $56,100 Preference dividends $2,800 $2,800 Total assets $540,000 $555,000 Total liabilities $300,000 $330,000 Preference share capital $62,000 $62,000 Ordinary share capital $110,000 $100,000 Retained earnings $68,000 $63,000 Required: Evaluate the company's profitability and financial stability by calculating and analysing the re ratio(s). Answer: Measurement of Profitability and Financial Stability through ratios Ratios 2017 2016 Gross Profit Margin 20.71 23.58 Net Profit Margin 9.05 9.76 Return on Assets 9.72 10.11 Return on Net Worth 45.18 53.30 Debt to Asset Ratio 0.55 0.59 Gross Profit Margin shows the efficiency of the firm. More the gross margin means more in efficient in operation. It can be observed that the gross profit margin of the organization is low and also the gross profit margin of 2017 is less than 2016. Also the net profit margin of the company is very low. The net profit margin of 2017 less than 2016. Return on Assets implies the income generated in respect of total asset. It is observed that the return on assets of the organization is not in good position also it has decreased from 2016 to 2017. Return on net worth means the income generated in respect of equity fund. It is near to 50%. So, it is in average position but it has also decreased from 2016 to 2017. It is observed that, debt to asset ratio has declined from 2016 to 2017. In overall, it can be said the financial position of the company is not so good and financial position of 2016 is good from 2017. Benefits of Ratio Analysis i) Ratio Analysis is one of the important tools of financial analysis. It helps to understand the financial position of an organization.ii) The efficiency of the company can be judged by the ratios. Ratios show how well the assets could be utilized and could earn profits.iii) Different companies can be compared with each other through the ratios.iv) Trend analysis can also be done through ratios. Trend analysis is the judging of a company over the period.v) It helps to find out the weakness area in operations. Limitation of Ratio Analysis 1. Ratio analysis is done to find out the relationship using past information and business is now concerned current and future trend.2. All the companies in industries are not same. They operate in different economic environment such as rules and regulation, structure of market, etc. Ratio analysis does not include those factors. References List Bragg, S. (2000)Financial analysis, New York: Wiley. Chesnick, D. (n.d.)Financial management and ratio analysis for cooperative enterprises. Moy, R. (2000)An analysis of the position and status of sound ratio in contemporary society, Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press. Rodgers, P. (2008)Financial analysis, Oxford: CIMA. Velez-Pareja, I. (n.d.) Financial Analysis and Control - Financial Ratio Analysis (Slides),SSRN Journal.

The Unconscious Essay Example For Students

The Unconscious Essay Human beings believe that they live their life in a conscious manner; that they are aware of their surroundings and know what is going on around them at all times. Yet deeper analysis of the word conscious leads to a more confusing thought process than a human being may be able to grasp. The Personal and Collective Unconscious by Carl Jung believes that the unconscious contains only those parts of the personality which could just as well be conscious and are in fact suppressed only through upbringing(344). In a more simplistic form, he says that the human brain is actually a more unconscious thought process and that what the brain produces to be conscious can actually be described as unconscious. Francis Cricks The General Nature of Consciousness agrees in the same way that people are not conscious of all the processes going on in their heads(405). Both of these scientists argue on the same side of the psychological debate that the average human belief of consciousness is not what it is thought to be. The other perspective on the debate is that the unconscious and conscious are to totally different aspects of our mind. Human beings do in fact live most of their lives in a conscious manner are some thing a scientist named K. Koffka believes. Koffka states that the mind and that is specifically conscious, therefore everything mental must be thought of in terms of consciousness, even if be not conscious itself(Koffka). If taken into great detail, Koffka is a firm believer that everything we say and do in a day is in total control of the conscious part of our mind. He does, however make clear that he also believes there is unconsciousness as well. Therefore, when one found it necessary to go beyond consciousness in the description and exploration of the mind, one imagined the non-conscious one, fundamentally alike, that is, in all its aspects or properties with the exception of being conscious(Koffka). We will write a custom essay on The Unconscious specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Jung makes a valid point in saying that what we believe to be conscious is actually what the unconscious describes to us. When going into great detail on the subject, our brain receives a message from our senses and then relays that information back to us. We believe that we have consciously created these thought processes. The real question is, did you actually stop and become unaware of your surroundings, consciously, thus becoming unconscious of your surroundings, and then proceeded to have your brain produce these responses? Jung states that the unconscious contains all those psychic components that have fallen below the threshold, including subliminal sense perceptions(344-345). The honest answer for most people would be no, and thus reinforcing the belief that our unconsciousness, at least, controls part of what we describe and believe to be conscious. This is a theory that both Jung and Crick believe in, and have written to great length on at support their own hypotheses. Cri ck goes into great length to tell his readers that psychology is at a loss and in a great dispute about what, in fact, the conscious and unconscious truly are. Crick states that even though humans live in a state of total awareness all of their life, except when asleep, that even if they think that the body and mind are controlled by the conscious, the mind spends more time performing more unconscious thoughts and processes than it does performing the conscious ones. He believes that the brain only makes things seem to be conscious for our own sakes of grasping what occurs around us. Lancelot Law Whyte was a psychologist who studied the mind before Freud. He believed that the unconscious, in the term unconscious mental processes would be used to mean all mental processes except those discrete aspects or belief phases which enter awareness as they occur(Whyte). By that he means that most of our lives we live in a more unconscious awareness. The only time we truly experience a conscious moment is when we live for the moment, when we mark a moment in our life, then recall on it later and finally when we actually need our thought processes in order to carry out a task. In almost all other cases, we enter the day and end it in a more routine fashion. The term routine can be easily associated with this fashion, and a routine can occur very easily if we allow it too. Say you wake up in the morning, and you hit the alarm every morning. That is a routine, and then you get out of bed and you then enter the shower. There is your next routine, after that is all the things th at go into getting ready for work. These are all examples of what a routine is. .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6 , .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6 .postImageUrl , .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6 , .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6:hover , .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6:visited , .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6:active { border:0!important; } .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6:active , .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6 .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2b6d1b8e267dc67b29655421bd8fb9c6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Physics lab EssayA routine can almost be synonymous with the unconscious thought process. By this I mean that you carry out all of these processes without actually having to think about it. The unconscious woke you up, got you out of bed and got you going for the morning. You may still be groggy and tired, but for some reason you are in the shower and you are washing yourself. The next thing you know you are ready for work with coffee in your hand, and where did the coffee come from? This is how we exhibit unconscious awareness through our unconscious lives. The term consciousness and conscious are most used in the field of medicine. They both describe a state that the hum an body was or is in at the time of a prognosis. This is also a term used in medicine to describe the brain during a point of trauma or during a common physical. The field of medicine and its use of the word conscious are probably what have lead people to think of their own lives in a conscious manner. When you watch medical shows on television and they use the words conscious or unconscious in those scripts, they use the word correctly, but it also puts those terms into the viewers mind subliminally, much as what Jung states. That people were instituted with a word and became familiar with it, only they didnt know it was being used as a medical word and not as a common used. By this, I mean that words commonly used in medicine do not have the same meaning as those used in everyday situations. I believe that this is what has lead to a belief that we are fully aware of our surroundings and thus lead to the word conscious. Most research seems to suggest that life is more or less lived in a large part of unconsciousness. There are some scientists and psychologists who still seem to believe that life is a conscious effort and that we live in total consciousness. Koffka is one who believes this, but on a grand scale, much like in this research paper, the number of doctors that believe unconscious is our conscious self far out weights that of the ones who believe in total consciousness. In the case of consciousness versus unconsciousness, it is fair to say that we live a life of what we believe to be conscious, but in fact it is more of an unconscious effort to maintain what it is we describe to ourselves as consciousness. The truth behind all of the facts is that these two scientists have put a great deal of work into their theories and believe that the white between all the print is that we actually practice a life of unconsciousness almost all at once and that what little consciousness actually witness is all that the human race really needs to come to grip with that experience in all their normal day proceedings. Work CitedJacobus, Lee A. A World Of Ideas. 6th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2002. 344-354; 399-408. Whyte, Lancelot law. The Unconscious Before Freud. 1st ed. New York: Basic Books Inc, 1960(Whyte 17-30)Koffka, k. On The Structure Of The Unconscious. The Unconscious: A Symposium. Ed. . Freeport: Books for Libraries Press Inc, 1966. 43-68. (Koffka)

Essay on glengarry and good faith

Essay on glengarry and good faith Essay on glengarry and good faith Essay on glengarry and good faithThe problem of the negative impact of the pursuit of wealth on the morality of people and society is still relevant because the pursuit of wealth is still one of the primary concerns of the contemporary culture. However, such purposes may ruin life of people since such goals as wealth and prosperity are not always achievable for them. At this point, it is possible to refer to the film Glengarry Glen Ross and the novel Good Faith, which reveal the full extent to which the desire of their main characters to retain their positions and improve their financial position turned out to be destructive for their life. In such a context, the film and the novel show that even good intentions may lead characters the wrong way, when stakes grow too high and they can or are forced to commit crimes and deceive their business partners.Good Faith raises the problem of the failure of the intrinsically good character to succeed because of the deception and scheming of hi s business partner. Joe is a good person and he does his best to survive in his business but the partnership with Marcus turns out to be the total failure as Marcus actually steals the money and puts Joe’s business on the edge of survival. Such a situation is apparently unfair in relation to Joe, who works hard and does his best. Similarly, Gordon also relies heavily on their business partnership but together with Joe, they turn out to be unsuitable for business because they do not deceive their business partners as Marcus does.In such a way, the author of the book does not just show the personal tragedy of the main character but also raises the problem of the failure of a good person to succeed in business as if the author wants to show that business is often immoral and people driven by ethical rules and norms cannot survive in it. Jane Smiley wants to uncover the true face of business and existing socioeconomic order, where there is no room for ethical decisions and rules. Instead money rules the world and business is driven by the only purpose of gaining more profits. In fact, the main rule of the business is the ends justify means which is obvious from actions of Marcus. He is the character, who disrespects any moral norms and values but is fully devoted to the idea of becoming a wealthy person.The main character of the book is not able to deceive and seems to be a bit simplistic in his views on business and business partners. The book shows that such people cannot survive in business because, in their attempts to gain wealth, they are likely to fail, while the pursuit of wealth turns out to be destructive for moral values of individuals, as is the case of Marcus, who deceives his business partners without any regrets or remorse.Jane Smiley shows that there is no room for moral people, who have learned basic moral norms once and try following them throughout their life, even when they are in business pursuing wealth and prosperity. Joe’s mot to is â€Å"selling old houses to decent people† (Smiley, 48), but in actuality, his business is not as simple as that. On the contrary, he has to sell above all to make money and to succeed in his business, in such a way. There is no room for moral choices.In such a context, Joe may be viewed as the protagonist of the novel, whereas Marcus is the antagonist of the novel. At any rate, he is absolutely different character compared to Joe. Marcus is a true savvy of business. He knows how to make money fast and he actually earns money from everything that is his motto which apparently contrasts the motto of Joe, which is definitely moral by its nature. However, Marcus has those qualities, which are essential for the successful business and crucial for success, when a person pursues wealth as his/her ultimate goal. In contrast to Joe, Marcus does not have any moral values that could restrict his actions in relation to other people and his business partners. Business is not his ul timate goal because he could run a successful business together with Joe and Gordon, but he preferred to take the money and get away.Business is just the efficient tool for earning money for Marcus and he makes earning money and becoming wealthy the only purpose and sense of his life. In such a way, Jane Smiley uncovers the full extent to which business and wealth are dehumanizing people. Good-natured people like Joe fail, while greedy and profit-driven ones, like Marcus, succeed and this is the main dilemma of the book that shows the persisting social injustice and the major drawback of the existing socioeconomic system uncovered by the author.The same idea may be clearly traced in the film Glengarry Glen Ross. However, in contrast to the book Good Faith, the film does not really show characters that are really good. On the contrary, all of them are businessmen, who are profit-driven and look for better options for their career development to become wealthy and prosperous at all co sts. Even though they have different motives, for instance, Levene needs money to help his seriously ill daughter, while others, like Ricky Roma are just pursuing wealth.The main characters of the film work in the real estate company selling houses like did Joe and Gordon in Good Faith. However, there is no such a good character as Joe in the film. On the contrary all of them can and do receive customers to sell them houses. In such a way, from the beginning, the film shows clearly that there is no room for morality in the real estate business as well as in business at large.Moreover, the main characters of the film start looking like a pack of wolves ready to kill each other any moment just to stay in business and keep working in the company. This transformation becomes obvious, when the company sends Blake to optimize the performance of the team that means that two of four salesmen have to be fired. In such a way, the film uncovers the competitive nature of business, where people are mere puppets in hands of owners of the company. For instance, owners of the company do not care about Levene, who needs money badly to treat his daughter. Instead, they just look for options to save costs and optimize the team performance.Blake is the personification of business pragmatism and dehumanization. He does not care about people and he has no interest in their fate. He is just doing his job to receive promised rewards from owners of the company. This is why he decides to cut two positions in the company as the matter of fact. He does not care what will happen to those two salesmen that will lose the job. He does not care about people at all. What he does care is his own profit and the profit of the company.In such a way, the film conveys the similar message to the audience as does the book Good Faith, the film shows the dehumanizing nature of business and pursuit of wealth. People fail to respect basic moral norms, when they pursue wealth.At the same time, the pursuit of wealth and the strife for money often pushes people to criminal acts, as was the case of Marcus in Jane Smiley’s book and as was the case of Levene and Moss. Their plan to set fire in the office of the company and steel shares is apparently driven by their intention to gain more money and become prosperous.Essay on glengarry and good faith part 2

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith Quotes

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith Quotes A Tree Grows in Brooklyn is a coming-of-age story. Its a tragic and triumphant book about Francie Nolan, as her family struggles with poverty, alcoholism, and the brutal realities of life for an Irish-American family in Brooklyn, New York. Here are a few quotes from ​A Tree Grows in Brooklyn. Everyone said it was a pity that a slight pretty woman like Katie Nolan had to go out scrubbing floors. But what else could she do considering the husband she had, they said.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 1Francie knew that mama was a good woman. She knew. And papa said so. Then why did she like her father better than her mother? Why did she? Papa was no good. He said so himself. But she liked papa better.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 1Before they went to bed, Francie and Neeley had to read a page of the Bible and a page from Shakespeare. That was a rule. Mama used to read the two pages to them each night until they were old enough to read for themselves. To save time, Neeley read the Bible page and Francie read from Shakespeare.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 6Maybe that decision was her great mistake. She should have waited until some man came along who felt that way about her. Then her children would not have gone hungry; she would not hav e had to scrub floors for their living and her memory of him would have remained a tender shining thing. But she wanted Johnny Nolan and no one else and she set out to get him.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 7 Those were the Rommely women: Many, the mother, Evy, Sissy, and Katie, her daughters, and Francie, who would grow up to be a Rommely woman even though her name was Nolan. They were all slender, frail creatures with wondering eyes and soft fluttery voices.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 7they were made out of thin invisible steel.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 7Part of her life was made from the tree growing rankly in the yard. She was the bitter quarrels she had with her brother whom she loved dearly. She was Katies secret, despairing weeping. She was the shame of her father staggering home drunk.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 8She was all of these things and of something more.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 8Oh, God, dont send me any more children or I wont be able to look after Johnny and Ive got to look after Johnny. He cant look after himself.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 9I am going to love this boy more than t he girl but I mustnt ever let her know. It is wrong to love one child more than the other but this is something that I cannot help.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 10 Francie didnt notice that he said my last home instead of our last home.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 14Francie sat on a chair and was surprised that it felt the same as it had in Lorimer Street. She felt different. Why didnt the chair feel different?- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 15Besides, she said to her conscience, its a hard and bitter world. Theyve got to live in it. Let them get hardened young to take care of themselves.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 18She had become accustomed to being lonely. She was used to walking alone and to being considered different. She did not suffer too much.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 20From that time on, the world was hers for the reading. She would never be lonely again, never miss the lack of intimate friends. Books became her friends and there was one for every mood.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 22On the day when she first knew she could read, she made a vow to read one book a day as long as she lived.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 22 In the future, when something comes up, you tell exactly how it happened but write down for yourself the way you think it should have happened. Tell the truth and write the story. Then you wont get mixed up. It was the best advice Francie every got.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 26 Thats what Mary Rommely, her mother had been telling her all those years. Only her mother did not have the one clear word: education!- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 27Growing up spoiled a lot of things.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 28Most women had the one thing in common: they had great pain when they gave birth to their children. This should make a bond that held them all together; it should make them love and protect each other against the man-world. But it was not so. It seemed like their great birth pains shrank their hearts and their souls. They stuck together for only one thing: to trample on some other woman.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 29Shell be my wife, someday, God and she willin.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 33Frances stood numb. There was no feeling of surprise or grief. There was no feeling of anything. What mama just said had no meaning.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 36From now on I am your mothe r and your father.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 37 Francie wished adults would stop telling her that. Already the load of thanks in the future was weighing her down. She figured shed have to spend the best years of her womanhood hunting up people to tell them that they were right and to thank them.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 39Maybe, thought Francie, she doesnt love me as much as she loves Neeley. But she needs me more than she needs him and I guess being needed is almost as good as being loved. Maybe better.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 39And Francie, pausing in her sweeping to listen, tried to put everything together and tried to understand a world spinning in confusion. And it seemed to her that the whole world changed in between the time that Laurie was born and graduation day.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 41This could be a whole life, she thought. You work eight hours a day covering wires to earn money to buy food and to pay for a place to sleep that you can keep living to come back to cover more wires. Some people are born and kept living just to come to this.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 43 May be shed never have more education than she had at that moment. Maybe all her life shed have to cover wires.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 41Were too much alike to understand each other because we dont even understand our own selves. Papa and I were two different persons and we understood each other. Mama understands Neeley because hes different from her.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 44Let me be something every minute of every hour of my life. Let me be gay; let me be sad. Let me be cold; let me be warm. Let me be hungry...have too much to eat. Let me be ragged or well dressed. Let me be sincere-be deceitful. Let me be truthful; let me be a liar. Let me be honorable and let me sin. Only let me be something every blessed minute. And when I sleep, let me dream all the time so that not one little piece of living is ever lost.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 48And he asked for her whole life as simply as hed ask for a date. And she promised awa y her whole life as simply as shed offer a hand in greeting or farewell.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 52 Then one sunny day, they walk out in all innocence and they walk right into the grief that youd give your life to spare them.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 53But, then, so many things seemed like dreams to her. That man in the hallway that day: Surely that had been a dream! The way McShane had been waiting for mother all those years - a dream. Papa dead. For a long time that had been a dream but now papa was like someone who had never been. The way Laurie seemed to come out of a dream - born the living child of a father five months dead. Brooklyn was a dream. All the things that happened there just couldnt happen. It was all dream stuff. Or was it all real and true and was it that she, Francie, was the dreamer?- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 55So like papa...so like papa, she thought. But he had more strength in his face than papa had had.- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 56A new tree had grown from the stump and its trunk had grown along the gro und until it reached a place where there were no wash lines above it. Then it had started to grow towards the sky again. Annie, the fir tree, that the Nolans had cherished with waterings and manurings, had long since sickened and died. But this tree in the yardthis tree that men chopped down...this tree that they built a bonfire around, trying to burn up its stumpthis tree had lived!- Betty Smith, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Ch. 56

Conceptual Framework of Super Dry Company Essay

Conceptual Framework of Super Dry Company - Essay Example This understanding can be done through carrying out interviews, use of questionnaires, reading different journals on the development of these stores. Interviews are carried out in understanding on the views of different individuals on the development of the store. Questionnaires help in understanding the opinions of individuals on the quality of products that this company produces. These questionnaires can be necessary to the researcher and the company at large; this is because the company will learn about different tastes and preferences of the consumers. The management of the company is a crucial factor to consider in this study. The management is to be transparent if at all an organization is to succeed in realizing its set goals. The social structure of the organization is to well defined where there is a free and healthy environment conducive to the workers (Hasegawaoru, 2002, p. 63). Hypothesis and variables Hypothesis is necessary the testing of different variables to ensure a ccurate data from a research. If super dry stores come up with the appropriate strategy of carrying out its operations then it will maintain its success in attracting more customers worldwide. (Hoover, 2000, p. 47) In addition to that if it is able to deal with its challenges effectively then it will be able to maintain a healthy competitive environment. Dependable variable- success. Independent variable- challenges. Literature review This store has been able to formulate different strategies. Among these strategies has to reach wide range customers all over the world and this has been done through the expansion of its company. Creating more stores that can allow easy access to products by customers in Europe. Another strategy is producing goods according to the customers’ preference and tastes. Checking on the prices of goods is another strategy that has been applied by this store this is done by observing the economic background of the target customers, the affordability of the products (Kare-Silver, 2011, p. II2). The super dry store has been popular through the nature of their products, they produce extraordinary products that are unique than their competitors in the business of fashion. This, therefore, attracts more customers to the products produced. It was noted that communication is an important factor to consider for a company’s success. Good communication should be encouraged between buyers and sellers, management and the workers and finally, there should be good communication between the workers as a whole. Information should be clearly communicated to different specifics. For instance rules, and regulations of an organization should be clearly communicated to the staff members.

Marx's objectives to individual rights Research Paper - 1

Marx's objectives to individual rights - Research Paper Example However, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels are convinced otherwise, affirming that bourgeois private property is the final and most complete expression of the system of producing and appropriating products, that is based on class antagonisms, on the exploitation of the many by the few. 1 For them capitalism, which is based on the right to own private property, is beneficial only to the select few capitalists - or the bourgeoisie - who reap their benefits from the exploitation of the wage earners, the proletariat. For Marx and Engels, at least, private property rights protect the freedom of some but not only deny the freedom, but results in the exploitation, of many others. To understand this argument, it is necessary to have a first look at the basis of Marxs theory. Marx strongly believed that capitalist society consisted of two classes, the bourgeoisie, or the ruling class, and the proletariat, who are the exploited class: "To maintain its own existence private property must also maintain the existence of the property - less working class needed to run the factories. The proletariat is compelled, however, to abolish itself on account of its miserable condition. This will require the abolition of private property - both disappear in a new synthesis that will resolve the contradiction." 2 The employers, or the bourgeoisie, build up their wealth through the exploitation of their workers. Under capitalism workers essentially own their own labor which in one respect makes them free. However, although the workers are in charge of their own labor power, in the sense that it is not owned by a master or land owner, they are not free as they are forced to sell it out in order to survive. Instead of owning the product of their own labor, this instead goes to the capitalists who in turn retain a certain amount of the value of the product for themselves and their investment. Thus capital can be defined as accumulated labor.

Conflict and Reconciliation Essay Example for Free

Conflict and Reconciliation Essay A state primarily consists of three vital things, without which a state would no longer be called a state. These three things namely people, territory and government. The three of them are dependent and interdependent on each other. It is difficult to have them separated and be considered as the sole cause of a problem. The territory is not in our hands, this is the land that we got after independence. The government is what runs the country, but, there is nothing that we, citizens can do. All we get to do is elect a representative party of the government every four years. And lastly, we have the people of the country. This is yet another vital component of a state. Without this, a state would be a deserted piece of land. (Muller, 2005) There have been instances where the so-called people of the land are not one. In fact, there have been conflicts between the people. Well, there are a lot of conflicts. But it is never the conflict that is harmful, it is never the clash of ideas that breaks the country, but the behavior of the conflict is what drives people away from being one. Once there is a rift between them, there is no going back. It is difficult to bring the people out from their then built in schemas. After a conflict which has taken out peace form one sect of the country, it is difficult to have them stop stereotyping the other one. There is a key word that I have used in the previous sentence. The word sect caught my attention as soon as I was done writing the sentence. I ask myself, is our country divided into sects? Is that what is causing the conflict? Is it the cause of the rifts that take place every day? Is it the cause of the grudges built in people? Is this what makes them stereotype others that are not in their sect? Well, after hours of pondering, I say yes. This is why we are not one. This is exactly why we can not have a civil discussion among people of different sects without having any clash of ideas. The division of sects in the country is the very reason of as to why we give the term â€Å"Many Americas† to this country. Let’s consider a couple of examples that might invoke us and might bring us to a conclusion that the division of people into sects is not the only cause of the so-called â€Å"Many Americas†. There is no doubt that we have different communities in this country. Well, every nation does, it is not like our nation is different from the rest. It is just that we do not have to over look the priorities and the benefits of the sects that are small in number. It is human nature to consider the things that are obvious and are right in front of us. Although it is not right not to consider the sects that are in minority. Lets take an example of the people contemporarily living in the country. We have a lot of Indians present, some are working, some are studying and some are living as illegal immigrants. In fact a lot of them are living as illegal immigrants. Definitely, the clash of ideas and compromise has to be there. Without compromise, the clash of ideas between them, will grow and will soon develop into huge unsolved rifts. This is just one trivial example. Just to mention that I am not considering the illegal immigrants, who are staying in the country because they want to and not because they can stay? Their story is pretty different. If they can not be hired for any job because they do not hold a passport or a green card or hold a long expired visa – well, they are to blame. There are different cultures, different religions, different races, cultures, beliefs, doctrines, creed, color. There is so much that has been separating us. This is what people usually say. I do not second their notion. It is highly incorrect for them to say that if some one is in the minority, they do not belong to this nation. If some one has a different skin color than me, they are just different. Well, I say such people are nothing but shallow. There is not much that we can do to make them turn around and understand that although there are people of different doctrines living in the same piece of land as us, but they are still Americans, they are still a part of us. Just telling them that they are wrong is not going to change any thing. The schemas that people develop and stick to the fore front of the minds of the people, do not just develop in a day. It takes a lot of years to develop them and it takes just seconds to make them even worst. By this I mean that it is difficult to drive the schemas out, however, it is not difficult to build upon them. It is easier said than done. Many Americas is not many, its just one. It’s a matter of perception. Let’s take a trivial yet crucial example of the positive instances never being counted or accounted for. I was with my friends at the beach. The Indians at school are known for stealing trinkets from the kids at school. My friend’s watch got stolen from our spot. We were all worried and the first thing that she did was point â€Å"I† for stealing it. Lets take â€Å"I† as the Indian girl who was blamed. Just because she was around our spot at the beach does not necessarily mean that she stole it. Well, she was embarrassed and humiliated in front of all the kids there. It was a school trip so all the kids from school were there. Her entire bag was toppled; all the things inside it were forcibly thrown out of it. I tried to stop my friend but, she would just not let it go; it was an expensive watch. Well, at the end we found out that some one’s dog took it. But the point of the entire story is that she did not do it. Even after the incident, they all still blamed the Indians for taking away things ever time something got lost. It is not a matter to be proud of. We are all one. We are all one nation. It is ok to share the same piece of land with some one who is a little different from us. Although this was just one example, there are many others that I will be mentioning about in the final paper. The entire point of this rough draft is that no matter how different one may be, we are all living and sharing the same piece of land. The belief that this is my land more that it is yours just because there are more people like me on this land than you; this idea is to be driven out of our heads as soon as we can before matters worsen. There is not much that we can do to make them forget the existing schemas and understand that although there are people of different doctrines and beliefs, living in the same piece of land we are, but they are still Americans, just like us and they are still a part of us. We all together make this nation. It is not just one sect or two, it is many Americas that make this beautiful, peaceful country, our country. And just telling those people that they are wrong is not going to change any thing. The schemas that people develop and stick to the fore front of the minds of the people, do not just develop in a day. It takes a lot of years to develop them and it takes just seconds to make them even worst. By this I mean that it is difficult to drive the schemas out, however, it is not difficult to build upon them. Hence, we are altogether one nation no matter how many creeds and sects our nation has. \ Reference: David J. Whittaker, Conflict and Reconciliation in the Contemporary World Gilbert H. Muller, Many Americas Reading and Writing across the Cultural Divides

Raw and Living Foods Diet Essay -- Health Nutrition Essays

Raw and Living Foods Diet Introduction to the living and raw foods diet Raw and living foods are foods that contain enzymes and have not been heated or cooked in any manner. Raw foodists, or people whose diets consist of at least seventy-five percent raw and living foods, believe in eating an uncooked, unheated, unprocessed and organic plant based diet (http://www.rawfoods.com). Raw foodists hold that the act of cooking food destroys the majority of vitamins, minerals and essential enzymes naturally found in food. These believers also claim that cooking food renders it toxic and is the major cause of health problems (Andrukitas, 1998). The intensity of beliefs held by raw foodists vary with each individual, yet they all support the ideology that cooking is an unnatural process that destroys important and vital nutrients in foods. What are Living and Raw Foods? Living and raw foods are foods that are organic and have not been heated, cooked, or processed in any way. Living and raw foods are foods that are rich in nutrients, vitamins and enzymes. Such enzymes aid the body in the digestion and absorption processes (http://www.rawtimes.com). The difference between living and raw foods is distinguished by the fact that living foods have a higher enzyme content than raw foods. This is true because the enzymes in raw foods are dormant. To activate the enzymes in raw foods, raw foodists simply soak peanuts for example, in water for a period of time until sprouting occurs and the enzymes in the raw food are awakened or brought to life. (http://www.rawfoods.com). What are the Parameters of a Raw Foodist Diet? Raw foodists eat all fruits, vegetables, sprouts, nuts seeds, grains, sea vegetable and many other organic products that ha... ...the raw foodist have adopted the diet that sustained our species long before the world was as it is today. Resources (http://rawfoods.com.html) (http://rawtimes.com.html) Andrukitas, J. (1998). "Raw Courage." Restaurant Hospitality, 82,26-27. Itokawa, Y. and Kimura, M. (1990). "Cooking Losses of Minerals in Foods and Its Nutritional Significance. "Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 36, S25-S31. Knickmeyer, E. (1998). "Potholder an Enemy to These Vegetarians; Nutrition: Group gathers to rejoice in the healthful benefits of raw food and the hoped-for demise of cooking." The Los Angeles Times, 10-12. Fry, T.C. (1998) "Is cooked food good for us?" (http.rawfoods.com.html) Rumm-Kreuter, D. and Demmel, I. (1990). "Comparison of Vitamin Losses in Vegetables Due to Various Cooking Methods." Journal of Nurtritional Science and Vitaminology 36, S7-S15.

Should the Age Allowance of Driving Be Lowered to 16 Years?

Should the age allowance of driving be lowered to 16 years? Driving has always been popular among young boys and girls, which goes back for over 100 years ago. The very first automobile was built by Karl Benz which was a German scientist in the 18s century. By his name you could wonder why his last name is Benz, which is the same name that we used to call â€Å"gasoline† (Bensin). Funny enough his father is called Mercedes Benz. Mercedes, as many people know, is the very first car-company. Since then cars has been mass-produced, and is now available to prices that suits almost everyone.It has given many solutions to people that lives far away from work, school, relatives etc. More importantly it has done benefits to transports of food supplies, material and other stuff which has kept this world on balance. But this has also led to many accidents on the streets, which mostly occurs by young people that does not exceed the age of 20, and is now ranked on the top death-accidental stuff a human being can experience. So we ask the following question: What is the most suitable age at which people can start driving?Psychologists that have been researching on young teenagers have stated that humans become uncontrollable when they enter the period of â€Å"14-17 years†. And that it is not unusual that teenager that entered that period become fiercer and starts rushing after inordinate desires, which affects driving vehicles a lot in a negative way. And only a few numbers of people can control that large amount of energy. P. Fredrik is a psychologist who has devoted his life on studying teenagers, and has said that the large amount of energy starts disappearing in the end of the age 17, and people become more controllable after they pass the age of 17.Even if driving at the age of 16 increases the risk of accidents on the streets, there will also be lots of benefits of allowing people to drive at the age of 16. Principal of Kenny University, George Johansso n has stated that more students start to drop school after they finish High School. Doctor Dennis Henry has been studying that reason for 5 years now and has come to some few reasons to why more students start to drop school after High School. And one of those reasons says that students has a lack of ransport since school buses aren’t available after High School and they still don’t have the right to drive vehicles to school which could replace the need of transport. Therefore stops encouraging students to enter Universities. Finally, to keep the minimum number of accidents on the streets which can lead to death or permanent injuries and at the same time give students the opportunity to enter Universities which will give them a better life in the near future, the age allowance of driving vehicles should keep it at 18 years.

Introduction to Baby Thesis Essay

Heavy metals such as lead, zinc, copper, can often be found in industrial wastewater and their discharge to the environment poses a serious threat due to their acute toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial life which includes humans. As a result of increasing industrialization more heavy metals are continually released to the environment and this has prompted environmental engineers and scientists to think of better methods by which heavy metal-bearing wastewaters can be treated effectively and economically. The most used way of removing heavy metals in wastewater is through the use of activated carbon which is used as an adsorbent. This is due to the adsorptive properties of activated carbon(Cecen & Aktas, 2011). Agricultural by-products represent a considerable quantity of harvested commodity crops. The use of by-products as precursors for the production of widely used adsorbents, such as activated carbons, may impart a value-added component of the overall biomass harvested. In most developing countries, the activated carbon is imported at high cost, limiting the quantities of safe drinking water available to the people (Gray, 2010, p. 72). In recent years, there has been research focusing on the use of appropriate, low cost technology for the treatment of drinking water in the developing world. Research has also been focused on the indigenous production of water treatment chemicals using locally available raw materials. Generally, the raw materials for the production of Activated Carbon are those with high carbon but low inorganic contents such as wood, lignite, peat and coal. Activated carbons form a large and important class of porous solids, which have found a wide range of technological applications. The characteristics of activated carbon depend on the physical and chemical properties of the precursor as well as on the activation method. In addition to the starting material and the oxidizing agent, activation time and temperature affect the structural properties of the resulting activated carbon (Hassler, 2009). A wide range of carbonaceous materials can be used as the carbon precursors such as coal, peat, wood and various agricultural by-products. Recently, agricultural by-products have received an increasing attention for the production of activated carbon due to their low-cost, renewability and wide prevalence (March & Reinoso, 2006). The production of value-added products such as activated carbon will enlarge its application, reduce waste materials and generate income to rural communities in Valenzuela. Heavy metal contamination exists in aqueous waste streams of many industries such as metal plating facilities, mining operations and tanners. Activated carbons were used as adsorbent materials because of their extended surface area, microporous structure, high adsorption capacity and high degree of surface reactivity. Furthermore, the presence of different surface functional groups on activated carbon, especially oxygen groups, leads to the adsorption of ions of heavy metals (Ilango, 2012, p. 22). One of the fastest growing research areas is the environmental applications of activated carbon, such as wastewater treatment. In the treatment of wastewater, it is used for purification, decolorization and the removal of toxic organics and heavy metal ions. year Chernicharo and Sperling (2005) stated that the demand of activated carbon increased over the years and the market growth was estimated at 4. 6 % per. This demand can be satisfied considering the large number of raw material available for the production of activated carbon (Bansal, & Goyal, 2005). The aim of the study was to produce activated carbon from local agroforestry wastes and assess the efficiency of the produced carbons in removing dyes and metal ions from wastewater. The researchers decided to use corncobs as the source of activated carbon to be used in the adsorption of heavy metals present in the waters of Manila Bay, this is because corncobs are widely available and inexpensive macromolecular waste in the agriculture in the Philippines. Bandosz (2006) studied the thermochemical reaction between corncob and CA and obtained a modified corncob, which had a large cation exchange capacity than natural corncob. Chemical analysis of the corncobs showed that it mostly consisted of 38. 4%, cellulose; 40. %, hemicelluloses; and 9. 1%, lignin. Modified ground corncobs using either 0. 6 M CA or phosphoric acid have improved natural adsorption capacity. Physical and chemical agents generated by human activities may often have various adverse effects on both aquatic and terrestrial Iife. Lead is an ubiquitous material in the environment and its presence in varying concentrations can be found in diverse locations. The Water Environment Federation (2010) reported that human exposure to lead has harmful effects on kidney, central nervous and reproductive systems. Air, food and water generally do not usually contain large amounts of lead, however excessive contamination of these natural sources by industrial activities can result in continuous toxic levels of exposure and consequently clinical poisoning (Ilango, 2012). In order to develop poisoning from organic lead, one has to be continuously exposed to concentrations higher than those in the general environment for some week or months. Lead exposure has both acute and chronic effects (Hassler, 2009). Another pertinent health problem of lead is bioaccumulation or magnification, which may elevate its concentration to toxic levels (Ilango, 2012). National Research Council Canada reported that fish could absorb lead through their body surface and the food they consume. As a case study the liver of sea bass caught near California Coast at Los Angeles was found to contain about 22 ppm Pb which is considerably higher than the permitted level of 10 ppm for human consumption and twice as high as the concentration in fishes found 300 km away; the major* of the lead was attributed to automotive aerosol (Bandosz 2006).

Spanish Harlem and Drug Economy Essay

Spanish Harlem and Drug Economy Essay Spanish Harlem and Drug Economy Essay In his book, In Search of Respect, Philippe Bourgois discussed his experiences living in El Barrio (East Harlem). An interesting new insight into the street culture found in New York was captured in this book. The amount of poverty in this portion of our country is much higher than that in most other areas. Bourgois argues that this neighborhood, which is well known for high rates of violence, does not have widespread violence occurring amongst all of it’s members. The higher crime rate, argues Bourgois, occurs for the most part within the factions of the underground economy. Some insight into this economy would explain the reasons for higher rates of violence. This book is a summary of the events that occurred during Bourgois’ stay in El Barrio. The original purpose of the book was to write a first-hand account of poverty and ethnic segregation in the heart of one of the world’s largest cities. Bourgois was swept into the area drug economy because of the abundance of information from the dealers and their families who all lived within the immediate area. The problem was so prevalent that the focus of the book was changed to deal exclusively with the underground drug economy. Most of the accounts given in the book come from a single crack house near Bourgois’ tenement. The group of crack dealers filtered through Bourgois present a compelling argument that reform within the economy needs to take place in order to reduce the amount of violence within the inner-cities of the United States. Bourgois states that there is a strong feeling of community among the people living in El Barrio. Those people not involved in the drug market rarely encounter violence themselves because the dealers have nothing to fear from them. Bourgois states that, during the day, children are safely left to play in the streets unattended by their parents. At night, when the legitimate working force of the community is eating dinner or asleep, is when the brunt of violence takes place. The amount of drug dealers or crack houses is an indirect result of the lost jobs in Harlem. Bourgois states that many of the unemployed in the inner-city are not successful in finding work because they lack the skills of working efficiently with people that they don’t already have an every day relationship with, something that factory jobs provided. Factory jobs that moved out of the inner-cities left the large minority groups without a collective workplace where everybody knew their task and how to complete it. The current availability of jobs within the inner-city is mostly within the service sector. These jobs are individualized jobs where independence is required rather than a group effort. The jobs pay little and aren’t generally respected. This tends to lead many people within this community to become involved in the drug economy. Within the drug market of East Harlem, the dealers use frequent displays of violence in order to scare off thieves, professional holdup artists, and other drug dealers. This violence is

Siege of Leningrad in World War II

Siege of Leningrad in World War II The Siege of Leningrad took place from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944, during World War II. With the beginning of the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, German forces, aided by the Finns, sought to capture the city of Leningrad. Fierce Soviet resistance prevented the city from falling, but the last road connection was severed that September. Though supplies could be brought across Lake Ladoga, Leningrad was effectively under siege. Subsequent German efforts to take the city failed and in early 1943 the Soviets were able to open a land route into Leningrad. Further Soviet operations finally relieved the city on January 27, 1944. The 827-day siege was one of the longest and costliest in history. Fast Facts: Siege of Leningrad Conflict: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944Commanders:AxisField Marshal Wilhelm Ritter von LeebField Marshal Georg von KÃ ¼chlerMarshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheimapprox. 725,000Soviet UnionMarshal Georgy ZhukovMarshal Kliment VoroshilovMarshal Leonid Govorovapprox. 930,000Casualties:Soviet Union: 1,017,881 killed, captured, or missing as well as 2,418,185 woundedAxis: 579,985 Background In planning for Operation Barbarossa, a key objective for German forces was the capture of Leningrad (St. Petersburg). Strategically situated at the head of the Gulf of Finland, the city possessed immense symbolic and industrial importance. Surging forward on June 22, 1941, Field Marshal Wilhelm Ritter von Leebs Army Group North anticipated a relatively easy campaign to secure Leningrad. In this mission, they were aided by Finnish forces, under Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, which crossed the border with the goal of recovering territory recently lost in the Winter War. Field Marshal Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb. Â  Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-L08126 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 The Germans Approach Anticipating a German thrust towards Leningrad, Soviet leaders began fortifying the region around the city days after the invasion commenced. Creating the Leningrad Fortified Region, they built lines of defenses, anti-tank ditches, and barricades. Rolling through the Baltic states, 4th Panzer Group, followed by 18th Army, captured Ostrov and Pskov on July 10. Driving on, they soon took Narva and began planning for a thrust against Leningrad. Resuming the advance, Army Group North reached the Neva River on August 30 and severed the last railway into Leningrad (Map). Finnish Operations In support of the German operations, Finnish troops attacked down the Karelian Isthmus toward Leningrad, as well as advanced around the east side of Lake Ladoga. Directed by Mannerheim, they halted at the pre-Winter War border and dug in. To the east, Finnish forces halted at a line along the Svir River between Lakes Ladoga and Onega in East Karelia. Despite German pleas to renew their attacks, the Finns remained in these positions for the next three years and largely played a passive role in the Siege of Leningrad. Cutting Off the City On September 8, the Germans succeeding in cutting land access to Leningrad by capturing Shlisselburg. With the loss of this town, all supplies for Leningrad had to be transported across Lake Ladoga. Seeking to fully isolate the city, von Leeb drove east and captured Tikhvin on November 8. Halted by the Soviets, he was not able to link up with the Finns along the Svir River. A month later, Soviet counterattacks compelled von Leeb to abandon Tikhvin and retreat behind the River Volkhov. Unable to take Leningrad by assault, German forces elected to conduct a siege. The Population Suffers Enduring frequent bombardment, the population of Leningrad soon began to suffer as food and fuel supplies dwindled. With the onset of winter, supplies for the city crossed the frozen surface of Lake Ladoga on the Road of Life but these proved insufficient to prevent widespread starvation. Through the winter of 1941-1942, hundreds died daily and some in Leningrad resorted to cannibalism. In an effort to alleviate the situation, attempts were made to evacuate civilians. While this did help, the trip across the lake proved extremely hazardous and saw many lose their lives en route. Trying to Relieve the City In January 1942, von Leeb departed as commander of Army Group North and was replaced by Field Marshal Georg von KÃ ¼chler. Shortly after taking command, he defeated an offensive by the Soviet 2nd Shock Army near Lyuban. Beginning in April 1942, von KÃ ¼chler was opposed by Marshal Leonid Govorov who oversaw the Leningrad Front. Seeking to end the stalemate, he began planning Operation Nordlicht, utilizing troops recently made available after the capture of Sevastopol. Unaware of the German build-up, Govorov and Volkhov Front commander Marshal Kirill Meretskov commenced the Sinyavino Offensive in August 1942. Marshal Leonid Govorov. Public Domain Though the Soviets initially made gains, they were halted as von KÃ ¼chler shifted troops intended for Nordlicht into the fight. Counterattacking in late September, the Germans succeeded in cutting off and destroying parts of the 8th Army and 2nd Shock Army. The fighting also saw the debut of the new Tiger tank. As the city continued to suffer, the two Soviet commanders planned Operation Iskra. Launched on January 12, 1943, it continued through the end of the month and saw the 67th Army and 2nd Shock Army open a narrow land corridor to Leningrad along the south shore of Lake Ladoga. Relief at Last Though a tenuous connection, a railroad was quickly built through the area to aid in supplying the city. Through the remainder of 1943, the Soviets conducted minor operations in an effort to improve access to the city. In an effort to end the siege and fully relieve the city, the Leningrad-Novgorod Strategic Offensive was launched on January 14, 1944. Operating in conjunction with the First and Second Baltic Fronts, the Leningrad and Volkhov Fronts overwhelmed the Germans and drove them back. Advancing, the Soviets recaptured the Moscow-Leningrad Railroad on January 26. On January 27, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin declared an official end to the siege. The citys safety was fully secured that summer, when an offensive began against the Finns. Dubbed the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive, the attack pushed the Finns back towards the border before stalling. Aftermath Lasting 827 days, the Siege of Leningrad was one of the longest in history. It also proved one of the costliest, with Soviet forces incurring around 1,017,881 killed, captured, or missing as well as 2,418,185 wounded. Civilian deaths are estimated at between 670,000 and 1.5 million. Ravaged by the siege, Leningrad had a pre-war population in excess of 3 million. By January 1944, only around 700,000 remained in the city. For its heroism during World War II, Stalin designed Leningrad a Hero City on May 1, 1945. This was reaffirmed in 1965 and the city was given the Order of Lenin.

I added my word files Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I added my word files - Essay Example ‘Vegetarian Times’ Study indicates that currently, about 7.3 million Americans have adopted vegetarian diets and 22.8 millions are on the path of vegetarianism. About 1 million American people consume absolutely no animal products and study also indicates that at least 11.9 million have strong inclination to follow a vegetarian diet in the future. Many Americans today look for high-fiber, low-cholesterol, and low-calorie diet and in that sense their switching to vegetarianism is justified. Usually, vegetarian meals provide the lot of fiber, controlled calories and cholesterol free diet. Rudolph Ballentine argues that two-thirds of American households changed their diets due to health reasons in last few decades. The changes incorporated aimed at eliminating beef and pork in diets and increasing vegetable and fruit intakes. Americans are consuming now more fruits and vegetables in their diet than a few years ago. This implies that there is a conscious choice in this change discarding their age-old cultural or traditional habits. Several studies done in past few years indicate that vegetarian diet is complete in all respects and conducive to good health in comparison to the usual diet consumed by majority of Americans. Vegetarians are less prone to many diseases that are prevailing in Americans society today. More and more studies reveal that coronary heart disease, colon and breast cancer rates are much less in vegetarians than those who eat meat. The incidence of obesity, diabetes, and constipation are found much less in those who follow vegetarian diet. The rising incidences of health issues along with mass movement to give up cruelty against animals have been the major causes forcing Americans to change their eating habits. Rudolph Ballentine argues that if meat were dropped by the people in Americas and elsewhere, everybody on this earth could be fed well. From the view point of agricultural land use and its cost

Samsung Group (FINAL) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Samsung Group (FINAL) - Assignment Example Data Collection Method 8 Data collection process for the project 8 G. References 10 A. Background & Rationale Profile of the Organization Samsung is one of the leading electronic organizations around the globe. The organization introduced huge range of products in global market. Therefore, it is easy and convenient to conduct a research study on Samsung. This study will highlight various aspects of Samsung Electronics’ global value chain. Samsung Group is a South Korea based multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Seoul. The organization was founded in the year 1938 by Lee Byung-Chul (Peng, 2012). Over the next few decades the organization diversified into textiles, food processing, retail, securities and insurance industries. Electronic goods, semi conductors and mobile phones are Samsung’s key sources of income for the company (Chang, 2011). In terms of revenue, Samsung was recognized as the largest information technology company in the year 2012. In addit ion, Samsung Heavy Industries was considered the second largest shipbuilder around the globe measured by 2010 revenue. Presently the organization has more than 1000 business entities around the globe. ... This report will focus on two divisions of Samsung Electronics, such as connected media development and mobile media. The study will outline the innovation opportunities for the global organizations by determining the entry points in the organizational structure of Samsung Electronics. Moreover, the study will reveal how the global organizations can engage themselves in several stages of the value chain of Samsung Electronics. B. Research Need and Importance Management Problems Samsung has faced several problems regarding excessive localization. Huge localization had resulted more decentralized structure. It was very disappointing for Samsung group. The global operation of Samsung was not profitable at one point of time. In the year 1998, the organization closed down its few of the electronics factories due to lack of adequate decision making process of regional headquarters (Chang, 2011). Moreover, the organization implemented integration strategy for its employees, but the employee s of Samsung Group rejected this integration strategy. Moreover, the organization faced several labor problems in China. Negative publicity in the blogging community created huge challenge for Samsung in the year 2012. Samsung group is one of the leading mobile phone manufacturers in the world. An ongoing copyright dispute with Apple Inc. over some smart phone technologies affected the brand image of Samsung Group. The organization faced several legal and ethical issues due to the inadequate working condition in the Chinese manufacturing plants. Marketing Research Problems Marketing research activity is time consuming and expensive. Therefore, it is important for the organization to do effective real time research. However, Samsung group has identified

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Tutor Signature: Date: Table of Contents Introduction 4 Theoretical Background 5 Advantages and Disadvantages of E-commerce 6 E-business strategies 8 Implementation Challenges 12 Conclusion 13 References 15 Introduction With the evolution of technology and introduction of the Internet, there is great change in the business environment. Every organization whether it is large or small scale, is trying to adopt and incorporate in business models based on technology into their system. This adoption of web based technology in the business lead to the emergence of E-commerce. In the current business scenario, e-commerce playing a crucial role and changed the way business is conducted around the globe. E-commerce is forcing the companies to find the new ways of expanding their market in which they compete (Plant 2000). To compete and sustain in the new markets, it become more crucial for the organization to not only attract the customers, but also to retain by tailoring the products and ser vices according to their needs and demand. Apart from redefining the products and services, organizations are also forced to restructure their business processes in order to deliver the products and services more effectively and efficiently (Reynolds 2004). ... In this report two business models has been used- McCarthy’s four marketing mix model and Porter’s five forces model to identify the strategies for organizations which want to enter in the field of e-commerce. The overall goal of this study is provide significant insights onto the challenges and advantages of e-commerce and business strategies. Theoretical Background (a) McCarthy’s Four Marketing Mix Model As per the McCarthy, a firm defines its marketing strategies after identifying the target market for its products or services. On the basis of the target market, organization then develops a marketing mix is a combination of product, price, promotion, and place designed according to the target market with the aim of enhancing the sales (Blythe 2009). The unique marketing mix allows the organization to sustain and compete more effectively, thus ensures the profitability and sustainability. For example, by offering different products with an attractive sales prom otion and effective logistics, a firm can increase its sales and revenues. This concept is also applicable on the e-commerce, and organizations working in this field are required to develop strategies for their target market by taking the unique nature of online marketing into the consideration (Napier et al 2006). (b) Porter’s Five Competitive Forces Model This five competitive forces model of Porter’s says that every organization develop its business strategies with the aim of gaining competitive advantage over its competitors. Organization can develop its strategies by focusing on five primary forces: (a) threat of new entrants, (b) rivalry among existing firms within an industry, (c) the Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3 Strategic management - Essay Example (p. 96) They are pivotal in generating competitive advantage because they reinforce an organization’s functions such as marketing, production or research and development. For instance, in the marketing department, the strategy would work by featuring real-life customers in direct-response print and television advertisements that would steer them towards the company website. In the application of a functional management strategy, the functions as well as the roles assigned will be able to manage corporate level strategies and their activities in such a way that they optimize their functional performance resulting to positive results that contribute to the overall company performance. Ray maintained that there are two kinds of competitive management strategies: the offensive and defensive strategies. The first is concerned with the strategy that usually takes place in an established competitor’s market location, while the latter takes place in the organization’s own current market position as a defense against possible attacks by a rival. (p. 13) However, the case is, the goal is the same: to secure market share, acquire new customers, maintain current ones and cultivate customer loyalty. In the case of this company, a combination of these two strategies would be used, although with more emphasis on the offensive strategy, considering the fact that most of its products claim less than 3 percent of the market, with only one product dominating 40 percent in its own market location. In terms of offensive strategy, the competitive advantage that drives the attraction of new customers is fuelled by innovation and customer value. Currently, the focus of t he organization on innovation has been reaping rewards already. According to Pieper, corporate strategy is the setting of a company’s long-term goals, major policies and plans, and the

Analysis of Doctrine of Equity

Analysis of Doctrine of Equity The doctrine of equity was created to fill in the gaps of common law by providing more flexible remedies, unlike common law which only provide damages such as injunction, specific performance, equitable estoppel etc. Equity only governed by the maxims where it is based on the principles of fairness and conscience and are not as strict as common law. Hence, as the doctrine of equity developed and became more and more flexible in the past centuries, it has now been argued by many academics that equity is now too conceptually messy to be useful.ÂÂ   It has been argued that equity is a blend of strict rules and discretionary principles which attributes to English Law with its flexibility. He further explained that equity comprised of firm rules as well as discretionary principles which will be applicable in different circumstances.[1] In deciding this, the flexibility of equity would be discussed, especially in the areas of such as the three certainties, Quistclose trust and doctrine of fiduciaries. In the case of Knight v Knight[2], Lord Langdale MR had laid down the three certainties test to create a valid private express trust. Certainty is an important element in trust as without certainty, the intention, object and subject of the trust could not be determined by the courts which would then lead to an invalid trust. Under certainty of intention, the settlor must use very clear words and expression to impose a legal obligation for the trustee to hold the property on trust. Generally, imperative words are more encouraged to be used in a will as compared to precatory words. In the case of Re Adams[3], the phrase in full confidence was used in the clause and it was held that there was no trust created as there is no imperative words used in the will. However, in Comiskey v Bowring[4], even the same phrase was used as in Re Adams case, but it was held that the wording created a trust. It could be submitted that the courts now no longer only look at a single word to determine whether there is a trust but look at the whole of the will. In more complex situations where there are no documents available, the courts might infer intention from acts or the words of the parties. In Paul v Constance[5], it was held that the words the money is as much yours as it is mine is sufficient to make a valid trust as there was repeated conduct and has a clear intention. It was suggested that the courts are being too generous in the decisions. However, in Jones v Lock[6], it was held that it was insufficient to manifest a clear intention for the father to create a trust for the son. The problem is that both cases were lack of specific intention to create a trust, there were only general intention to benefit. However, both cases were held differently. It could be argued that the actions were louder than the words in Pauls case. Gardner suggested that the difference of both cases was merely the reflection of changing judicial attitudes.[7] Next, under the certainty of subject matter, the test used by the courts would be whether the property could be certainly identified. However, the courts have recently created an artificial distinction between tangible and intangible property. In Re London Wine Co[8], it was held that no two bottles of wine are alike and therefore it could be identified for their customers. However, in Re Goldcorp Exchange Ltd[9], it was held that the claimants whose gold bullion had been segregated were successful in the claim but not those whose bullion had not been segregated. The reasoning was that the stock of the gold has been constantly changing and it was hard to say which particular piece of gold belongs to any particular customer. It could be submitted that the courts were trying to uphold the principle of fairness by having a different decision from Re Londonscase as the tangible property items here could not be segregated properly. On the other hand, in Hunter v Moss[10] where the property is intangible, a different approach was taken by the courts. In the case, it was held in favour of the claimant and stated that the segregation as in tangible property is not necessary where a trust is made over an intangible property. The reasoning for this is that since the shares is indistinguishable from one another, they will be treated as equal. Based on all three cases above, it could be seen that this area is messy as this certainty has not been applied consistently and the judges have too much discretion changing the judicial attitudes. Lastly, the certainty of object matter required that there must be ascertainable beneficiaries in a trust. Re Baden (No.2)[11] had shown that there are different approaches to deal with when there is a class of objects in a discretionary trust. The test used in the case was originated from McPhail v Doulton[12] where the application of a complete list test was impossible and borrowed the is or is not test from Re Gulbenkians Settlements[13] to determine the beneficiaries. However, there are 3 interpretations on the applicability of the test. Firstly, Sachs LJ upheld the literal application of the original test, but reversed the burden of proof on the claimant to proof that he falls within the class of beneficiaries. Sachs LJ further noted that this does not apply to all discretionary trust situations as a lot of trust with uncertainty would be validated. Secondly, Megaw LJ suggested the approach used in Re Allen[14]which was overruled by Re Gulbenkians case where it held that a trust should be valid if a substantial number of people can show that they are in the class. Finally, Stamp LJ suggested a strict approach where he stated that it is necessary for both conceptual and evidential certainty to exist without any unknown of the certainties. Any unknown of the certainties would lead to an invalid trust. It could be submitted that this area would be too messy for the future cases to refer as there are too many different views. The flexibility of equity could also be found in Quistclose trust which created by Lord Wilberforce in Barclays Bank Ltd v Quistclose Investments Ltd[15]. The Quistclose trust arises when a company borrows money with a particular purpose in mind for that money. Lord Wilberforce suggested there are primary trust to pay dividend and secondary trust arose in favour of the lender if primary trust failed. However, this was heavily criticised as it failed to meet the three certainties to be a valid trust. Later, Lord Millet in Twinsectra v Yardley suggested that there is only one resulting trust instead of two trusts while majority of the court held that it was an express trust. In Re EVTR[16], Dillon LJ suggested that it was a constructive trust for the purpose of the loan.Moreover, academics like Alastair Hudson had suggested that the better analysis for this should be an express trust.[17] Furthermore, in Re Farepak Food[18], Mann J held that there was no trust and described this is as a contractual relationship as opposed to trustee-beneficiary.[19] Furthermore, equity also shown its flexibility in fiduciary area. A fiduciary is a person who holds a position of trust and confidence. Fiduciary has the duty to act in the best interest of the principal in a fiduciary relationship. A fiduciary is bound by the no conflict rule where he must make sure that his duties to the principal do not conflict with his own interest and not allowed to make a profit. The leading case would be Boardman v Phibbs[20] which involves trust where it applied the strict rule which originally from cases such as Keech v Sandford[21] and Bray v Ford[22].The decision was a made in majority of the judges while the other two judges gave dissenting judgments. Lord Upjohn in dissenting suggested that the case should be approached in a more equitable angle and should be decided on its own individual facts instead of laying down a strict rule to be followed like the common law courts. However, in Murad v Al-Saraj[23], the majority of courts again decided by following the rules. Arden LJ from the majority suggested that the court should revisit the inflexibility of rule of equity in harsh circumstances. Furthermore, Jonathan Parker LJ from majority also suggested that it is the time for the court to relax the severity of the rule. In minority, Clarke LJ suggested that the fiduciary could argue for a share in profits even though they breached their duty by reasoning with Warman International v Dwyer[24]. In Foster Bryant Surveying v Bryant[25], it was held that the defendant was not required to account his subsequent profit as the facts were different from the traditional cases. It was suggested that this case law would only be followed when there are same facts in the future. Based on the above, equity has been flexible to evolve to suit the needs of the society. Hence, it is tremendously complex as it was built centuries of laws, but the courts are free to generate new principles and to adapt or apply the old ones depending on the situation. As suggested by Alastair Hudson, equity forces us to consider the plight of the individual in this complex world and to save that individual from being caught up in the legal machine or exposed to irremediable suffering.[26] In conclusion, it could be submitted that equity is still useful even though it might be conceptually messy as shown above. However, this would be inevitable as equity has to be flexible but it would be also required to maintain some consistencies across the cases to prevent the law from being vague. (1650 words) Bibliography Books Gardner S, An introduction to the Law of Trusts (3rd edn OUP 2011) Hudson A, Equity and Trust, (8th edn, Routledge, Oxon, 2015) Hudson A, Great Debates in Equity and Trusts,(1st edn, Palgrave Macmillan 2014) Electronic Sources Alastair Hudson, The Fundamentals of Quistclose Trusts, http://www.alastairhudson.com/trustslaw/Quistclose.pdf accessed on 13rd February 2017 Table of Cases Barclays Bank Ltd v Quistclose Investments Ltd [1970] AC 567 Boardman v Phibbs [1967] 2 AC 46 Bray v Ford [1896] A.C. 44 Comiskey v Bowring-Hanbury [1905] A.C. 84 Foster Bryant Surveying Ltd v Bryant [2007] EWCA Civ 200 Hunter v Moss [1993] 1 WLR 934 Jones v Lock [1865] 1 Ch App 25 Keech v Sandford [1726] Sel. Cas.Ch.61 Knight v Knight [1840] 3 Beav 148 McPhail v Doulton [1971] AC 424 Murad v Al-Saraj [2005] EWCA Civ 959 Paul v Constance [1977] 1 All ER 195 Re Adams Kensington Vestry [1884] LR 27 ChD 394 Re Allen [1953] 1 All ER 308 Re Badens Trusts (No.2) [1973] Ch 9 Re EVTR [1987] BCLC 646 Re Farepak Food and Gifts Ltd (In Administration) [2008] BCC 22 Re Farepak Food and Gifts Ltd (In Administration) [2008] BCC 22, 34 Re Goldcorp Exchange Ltd (In Receivership) [1994] 3 WLR 199 Re Gulbenkians Settlements Trusts [1968] UKHL 5 Re London Wine Co (Shippers) Ltd [1986] PCC 121 Warman International v Dwyer [1994-5] 182 CLR 544 [1] Alastair Hudson, Great Debates in Equity and Trusts,(1st edn, Palgrave Macmillan 2014) [2] Knight v Knight [1840] 3 Beav 148 [3] Re Adams Kensington Vestry [1884] LR 27 ChD 394 [4] Comiskey v Bowring-Hanbury [1905] A.C. 84 [5] Paul v Constance [1977] 1 All ER 195 [6] Jones v Lock [1865] 1 Ch App 25 [7] Simon Gardner, An introduction to the Law of Trusts (3rd edn OUP 2011) 52-3 [8] Re London Wine Co (Shippers) Ltd [1986] PCC 121 [9] Re Goldcorp Exchange Ltd (In Receivership) [1994] 3 WLR 199 [10] Hunter v Moss [1993] 1 WLR 934 [11] Re Badens Trusts (No.2) [1973] Ch 9 [12] McPhail v Doulton [1971] AC 424 [13] Re Gulbenkians Settlements Trusts [1968] UKHL 5 [14] Re Allen [1953] 1 All ER 308 [15] Barclays Bank Ltd v Quistclose Investments Ltd [1970] AC 567 [16] Re EVTR [1987] BCLC 646 [17] http://www.alastairhudson.com/trustslaw/Quistclose.pdf, The Fundamentals of Quistclose Trusts, accessed on 13rd February 2017 [18] Re Farepak Food and Gifts Ltd (In Administration) [2008] BCC 22 [19] Re Farepak Food and Gifts Ltd (In Administration) [2008] BCC 22, 34 [20] Boardman v Phibbs [1967] 2 AC 46 [21] Keech v Sandford [1726] Sel. Cas.Ch.61 [22] Bray v Ford [1896] A.C. 44 [23] Murad v Al-Saraj [2005] EWCA Civ 959 [24] Warman International v Dwyer [1994-5] 182 CLR 544 [25] Foster Bryant Surveying Ltd v Bryant [2007] EWCA Civ 200 [26] Alastair Hudson, Equity and Trust, (8th edn, Routledge, Oxon, 2015)